药品储运温度验证与偏差处理
时间:2016-09-20 阅读:2973
药品储运过程中经常出现温度超标的情况,基于用药安全和药品稳定有效等方面考虑,药品储运过程中的温度控制和运输验证尤为重要。本文汇总了中国、欧盟、美国对药品储运过程中温度超标相关的问题的态度,供大家参考。
中国GMP:
问题:对于30℃以下储存的产品(成品),在夏天运输过程会超过30℃,像此类药品还需对运输条件确认吗?另外对运输条件的确认以什么方式体现合适?
答:需要。对运输条件进行评估。
点评:对运输条件进行评估是通过运输验证来实现的?简单地说,就是按正常的运输、包装条件下,用温、湿度记录仪等仪器证实整个运输过程的条件满足产品的要求。对于出现的短时间的背离可以通过长期、加速稳定性数据予以评估。
问题:2~8℃保存的产品,如企业有加速实验数据,短期常温运输对产品质量无影响,可以不用冷链吗?
答:不可以。必须在冷链条件下运输,
点评:冷链条件运输时出现的短时间背离按偏差处理。可用加速实验数据评估,但不允许直接用常温运输条件运输。
问题:运输条件是否与贮存条件一致?
答:运输条件应当满足储存条件。
点评:运输条件应满足储存条件,如果在运输途中出现了偏离,可以依据相应的稳定性数据进行评估,确定偏离对产品的影响。
问题165:产品规定储存条件为阴凉处,在运输过程中是否必须采取措施将运输温度控制在20℃以下?
答:在不影响产品质量的情况下,运输过程中的温度可以在20℃以上,需要有相应的稳定性数据作为支持,必须采取必要的控制措施。
点评:运输过程中的温度是否可以在20℃以上,温度可以偏离多长时间,大可偏离的温度上限,这些都需要有相应的稳定性数据作为支持。同时可以通过运输验证证实在恶劣条件下产品可能经受的大温度变化和时间长短,结合稳定性数据做合理的判断。
问题:疫苗的运输条件如何监控?
答:疫苗产品的冷链运输,应该配备全过程连续温度记录装置,由接收方在验收产品时对运输过程的温度记录结果进行确认。
点评:依据《中国药典》三部的要求,生物制品贮存温度通常为2~8℃,运输过程需注意快速、冷链、防冻结,因此疫苗产品的运输应采用适当的保温(或控温)措施,且需经过差条件验证,并建议对运输过程配备连续温度记录装置,记载每一发运单位的温度变化情况,由接收方在验收产品时对运输过程的温度记录结果进行确认,发运单位也应对此结果定期进行评估。
问题:请问在《确认与验证》附录中关于运输确认的要求中*条即第三十四条指出:“对运输有特殊要求的物料和产品,其运输条件应当符合相应的批准文件、质量标准中的规定或企业(或供应商)的要求”是否可以理解为对于运输有特殊要求的物料和产品才需要进行运输确认?要求阴凉条件存储的物料或产品是否属于特殊要求?
答:你好,一般产品也应进行运输确认,但有特殊要求的物料和产品应严格按照附录“确认与验证”第七章的要求进行。
问题:尊敬的老师您好!想咨询您关于冷链运输(2~8℃)过程温度记录的相关问题:
1)冷链运输过程中如果出现温度超出范围,企业会根据产品特性及稳定性研究对超出范围的情况进行评估以支持产品处置(接受或拒绝)。目前了解到行业广泛采用这种方式。
2)根据2015版中国药典和GB/T8170-2008数值修约规则与限数值的标识和判定,当冷链运输温度处于1.5-8.5度之间(运输过程温度记录仪通常到小数点后一位)均符合(2~8℃)要求。
想请教老师您对于上述两个问题的解读,谢谢!
答:你好。关于*个问题你的理解是对的,当有超出情况时,应根据产品特性及稳定性研究数据对其进行评估。
第二个问题,在GMP管理中,产品的储存条件和运输条件先应适用于产品特性,而不是一概而论,如果你的产品对温度要求严格,你可以在2-8℃之内定出超趋势报警,如3-7℃报警。你如果要将温度放在1.5-8.5度之间,那么你的稳定性试验条件也应与此相适应。总之,我们的管理条件要有数据的支持。
欧盟GDP:
文献1:
“The application of MeanKinetic Temperature (MKT) to temperature monitoring of wholesale products isonly appropriate where an acceptable MKT value is provided by the MA holder fora specific product, and the recording of temperature can be confirmed to beconsistent and complete from the moment of leaving the manufacturer’s premises.In practice the application of MKT fails where a complete chain of temperaturerecording cannot be allocated to a specific consignment of a product. Attemptsto apply MKT have been proposed by wholesalers as an alternative to havingadequate temperature control within their warehouses as well as attempting todowngrade the impact of temperature excursions. The use of MKT in the wholesaleenvironment without robust supporting information and methodology is thereforediscouraged”.
“只有在上市许可证持有人对特定产品提供了可接受的平均动力学温度值(MKT),且自产品离开生产商厂房后温度记录与实际相符且完整,才可以使用MKT对批发产品进行温度监控。事实上,如果一个产品没有相应的完整温度记录,是不能使用MKT的。批发商建议尝试使用MKT,把MKT作为对仓库温度进出充分控制的一种选择,同时也作为尝试降低温度剧增所造成的影响的一个途径。如果没有有力的支持信息和方法,批发商是不允许使用MKT的。
——MHRA博客:冷藏药品的良好分销规范(GDP)
Refrigeratedmedicinal products, part 2: Transportation, packing, temperature management,the use of third party couriers and returns – some things to consider
有关冷藏药品的第二部分:运输、包装、温度控制、第三方运输的使用以及退货过程中的注意事项
文献2:
Question:concerning chapter 9 – transportation, 9.2.(1), can we deviate from storageconditions if the manufacturer agrees to the transportation of the productwithin a certain temperature range (2°-25°c) for a limited time frame of 6hours?
Answer: No.Storage temperature limits as described by the manufacturer or on the outerpackaging need to be respected for each stage of transport during the wholetransport chain.
问题:关于第9章---运输中,9.2.(1),如果生产商允许产品在一定6小时内,在一定温度范围内(2°-25°C)运输,我们的存贮条件是否可以允许偏差?
答:不允许。在整个运输链中各运输环节均需要遵守生产商所描述的,或外包装上描述的存贮温度限度。
——GOOD DISTRIBUTION PRACTICE FOR MEDICINALPRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE
QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
VERSION 1.0
人用药GDP问答版本号1.0
文献3:
The EU Good Distribution Practice (GDP) Guidelines (2013/C 343/01) revisedin 2013 reflect the requirements and expectations of the authorities during thetransport and distribution of medicinal products in a very detailed way.Nevertheless, there are still questions and insecurities.
2013年修订后的欧盟GDP指南(2013/C343/01)以非常详细的方式反映了*对于药品运输和销售的期望和要求。不过,还是有一些问题不太清楚。
Especiallyquestions on temperature control during transport are recurring. This questionis examined in detail in a corresponding questions and answers paper of the German ZLG (Zentralsleder L?nder für Gesundheitsschutz bei Arzneimitn und Medizinprodukten/Central Authority of the German Federal L?nder for Health Protection RegardingMedicinal Products and Medical Devices) (in German language).
特别是关于运输途中的温度问题再次被提出。这个问题在“德国ZLG问答”中有了一些详细的解答,不过是德文的。(据德国同事介绍,ZLG是德国药品和医疗器械负责审批类的机构)
Here, it isstated that a temperature control is not required for each transport:
其中说明了并不是每一次运输中都要求对温度进行控制:
"If noconstant monitoring of temperature is carried out during the transport ofmedicinal products a risk assessmentmust be made of thetransportation routes. This includes especially the travel duration includingspecial aspects of the route, the time of year and day, including the weatherforecast, the vehicles used and their equipment. The results of this riskassessment have to be part of the transportation planning."
“如果在药品运输中没有实施持续的温度监控,则必须对运输路线进行风险评估。评估特别要包括运输时间,包括路线的特殊问题,季节和天数,包括天气预报,所用的货车及其装备。该风险评估的结果必须成为运输计划的一部分。”
But at the sametime this means that monitoring has to be done if no risk assessment wascarried out or if the risk assessment led to the result that a temperaturecontrol is necessary.
但同时,这也表示如果没有进行风险评估,那就必须进行监控,或者如果风险评估结论是需要对温度进行控制,那也必须进行监控。
According to theZLG document a lot of things have to be considered when carrying out the riskassessment:
根据ZLG文件,在进行风险评估时必须要考虑很多问题:
· The mean kinetic temperature (MKT) cannot be used. The reason is that it does not takeinto consideration effects "that may lead to irreversible quality defectseven when certain temperature limits that are established during stabilitystudies in connection with the marketing authorisation are exceeded only for ashort time. And it does not take into consideration the possible formation offissures in the glass of ampoules and injection bottles at temperatures aroundthe freezing point. Furthermore, calculation of the MKT requires that the temperatureprofiles of all transports are known that have been carried out previously. Butusually this data is not available ...."
· 不能使用平均动力学温度(MKT)。理由是它没有考虑到影响“可能会引起不可逆的质量缺陷,即使在稳定性研究期间已建立了与上市许可相关联的特定温度限度只是超出了很短的时间。它没有考虑在冷冻点上下的温度可能会使得安瓿和注射用瓶的玻璃产生龟裂。另外,MKT计算需要知道之前已实施的所有运输过程中的温度概况。但通常这些数据是无法获得的……”
· In order to assess deviations "appropriateprocedures" must be established.
· 为了评估偏差,必须建立“适当的程序”
· Storage conditions must generally be respected alsoduring transportation. "Only in cases that according to the packagingor the confirmed written information given by the manufacturer, thepharmaceutical entrepreneur or the marketing authorisation holder. a transportwithin the aforementioned temperature range will not reduce the quality"this temperature range can be handled more generously. It has been demonstratedfor example "in connection with the marketing authorisation of medicinalproducts on the labelling of which only storage between +2 and +8 °C isindicated that they remain sufficiently stable even if the temperature rises upto +25 °C for a short time."
在运输过程中必须遵守存贮条件。“只有当根据生产商、药品企业或上市许可持有人提供的包装或确认的书面信息,在上述温度范围内的运输将不会降低质量”,这样的温度范围才可能更灵活。例如,已证明“与药品上市许可相关的标签说明只能存贮在+2到+8 °C,即使温度在短时间内高 +25°C其质量仍保持足够稳定。”
——GMPNews
22/04/2015
GDP:Is Temperature Control required for each Transport?
GDP:是不是每次运输均需要对温度进行控制?
美国USP:
10.30.40. ControlledCold Temperature
受控的冷藏温度
“Controlled cold temperature” is defined astemperature maintained thermostatically between 2° and 8° (36° and 46° F), thatallows for excursions in temperature between 0° and 15° (32° and 59° F) thatmay be experienced during storage, shipping, and distribution such that theallowable calculated mean kinetic temperature(MKT) is not more than 8°(46° F). Transient spikes up to 25° (77° F) may bepermitted if the manufacturer so instructs and provided that such spikes do notexceed 24 hours unless support
温度保持在2°和8°(36°和46℉)之间。在储存、运输、分销过程中,允许温度在0°15°(32°和59℉)之间波动,但平均动力学温度(MKT)不超过8°(46℉)。片刻高温度允许达到25°(77℉),超过温度的长时间不得过24小时,除非稳定性数据或是其他厂商的说明支持。
10.30.60.Controlled Room Temperature
受控的室温
“Controlled room temperature” indicates atemperature maintained thermostatically that encompasses the usual and customaryworking environment of 20° to 25° (68° to 77°F); that results in a mean kinetictemperature(MKT) calculated to be not more than 25°; and that allows forexcursions between 15° and 30° (59° and 86°F) that are experienced inpharmacies, hospitals, and warehouses. Provided the mean kinetic temperatureremains in the allowed range, transient spikes up to 40° are permitted as longas they do not exceed 24 hours.
Spikes above 40°may be permitted if the manufacturer so instructs. Articles may be labeled for storageat “controlled room temperature” or at “up to 25°”, or other wording based onthe same mean kinetic temperature. The mean kinetic temperature is a calculatedvalue that may be used as an isothermal storage temperature that simulates thenonisothermal effects of storage temperature variations. (See alsoPharmaceutical Stability 〈1150〉.)
受控的室温指通常维持在20℃~25℃(68℉~77℉)恒定温度,其MKT值不应超过25℃,并且根据经验,允许在药房、医院和仓库偏移15℃~30℃(59℉~86℉)。维持MKT在规定的范围,即使短暂的达到40℃并且不超过24小时也是允许的。如果超过40℃则需要制造商另外说明。说明书中可以注明储存在受控的室温或高25℃或其他基于同样MKT值的温度。平均动力学温度(MKT)指用一个等温储存温度计算值来模拟各种不同的储存温度的影响。
An article forwhich storage at controlled room temperature is directed may, alternatively, bestored and distributed in a cool place, unless otherwise specified in theindividual monograph or on the label.
如果说明书规定了在受控的室温下储存,那么同样也可以在阴凉条件下(cool,8℃~15℃)储存和运输,除非在USP各论或产品标签上有单独的特殊规定。
10.30.30. Cool
阴凉
Any temperature between8° and 15° (46° and 59°F) is“cool.” An article for which storage in a coolplace is directed may, alternatively, be stored and distributed in a refrigerator,unless otherwise specified by the individual monograph.
阴凉温度是指8℃~15℃之间(46℉~59℉)。如果说明书中规定了在阴凉条件下储存,那么同样也可以在冷藏条件下储存和运输,除非在USP各论中有单独的特殊规定。
——USP GENERAL NOTICES AND REQUIREMENTS凡例
综上,对各国对药品储运过程中温度超标的态度如下:
国家 | 温度偏差 |
中国 | 1、可以通过长期、加速稳定性数据评估温度偏差 2、不允许以加速试验数据评估结果为依据直接放宽储运条件 3、运输验证(考虑差条件) |
欧盟 | 1、使用MKT评估温度偏差需要有足够信息支持 2、并不是每一次运输中都要求对温度进行监控,但要进行风险评估 3、如果没有风险评估,那就必须进行温度监控 不能使用MKT作为降低风险的措施 |
美国 | 1、允许计算MKT来评价储运条件是否符合(药典特别规定的品种除外) 2、允许低温(指低于规定储存温度)储运。 |