mini-pam——外观mini，但功能绝不mini！
schreiber教授因发明pam系列调制叶绿素荧光仪而获得首届光合作用协会（ispr）创新奖
1983年，walz公司*科学家、德国乌兹堡大学的ulrich schreiber教授设计制造了**台调制荧光仪——pam-101/102/103，并在植物生理、生态、农学、林学、水生生物学等领域得到广泛应用，出版了大量高水平研究文献。但该仪器比较笨重，不易带到野外。
1992年，ulrich schreiber教授设计制造了**台便携式调制荧光仪——pam-2000（现已升级到pam-2100），由于其既能在室内使用，也方便野外使用，因此在此后十几年中成为zui的调制荧光仪。
1996年，walz公司在浓缩pam-2000功能的基础上，设计制造了一台更加方便携带的超便携式调制荧光仪——mini-pam。该仪器对pam-2000的功能进行了浓缩，更加适合野外操作，同时价格也更加便宜。
系统描述
mini-pam采用了*的调制技术和饱和脉冲技术，从而可以通过选择性的原位测量叶绿素荧光来检测植物光合作用的变化。mini-pam的调制测量光足够低，可以只激发色素的本底荧光而不引起任何的光合作用，从而可以真实的记录基础荧光fo。mini-pam具有很强的灵敏度和选择性，使其即使在很强的、未经滤光片处理的环境下（如全日照甚至是10000 μmol m-2 s-1的饱和光强下）也可测定荧光产量而不受到干扰。mini-pam是野外光合作用研究的强大工具。
超便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪mini-pam的特点在于快速、可靠的测量光合作用光化学能量转换的实际量子产量。此外，mini-pam秉承了walz公司pam系列产品的一贯优点，通过应用调制测量光来选择性的测量活体叶绿素荧光。基于创新性的光电设计和高级微处理器技术，mini-pam在达到超便携设计的同时可以得到灵敏、可靠的结果。同时，mini-pam的操作非常简单。
测量光合量子产量只需一个按键（start）操作即可，仪器会自动测量荧光产量（f）和zui大荧光（fm），并计算光合量子产量（y＝δf/fm），得到的数据会在液晶显示屏上显示同时自动存储。此外mini-pam还有许多模式（mode）菜单，包括荧光淬灭分析（qp、qn和npq）和记录光响应曲线等，以满足用户的特殊需要。
连接光适应叶夹2030-b后，可以测量光合有效辐射（par）、叶片温度和相对电子传递速率（retr）。内置电池可以满足1000次量子产量测量的需要，仪器内存可以存储4000组数据。
windows操作软件wincontrol可以进行数据传输、数据分析和遥控操作。
标准版的mini-pam采用红光作为测量光。根据用户需要，我们也可提供以蓝光（470 nm）作为测量光的mini-pam。
特点
1）声誉*的pam-2000的浓缩版
2）精巧、准确、迅速、操作简便的高级光合作用检测设备
3）可单机操作（采用内置电脑），可连接外置电脑操作（windows操作软件wincontrol）
4）超便携式设计，带液晶显示屏和8个按键
5）强大的数据收集、分析和存贮功能
6）能耗低，内置锂电池可满足长时间野外工作需要，并可连接外置12 v电池
7）多种叶夹可供选择，设计的光适应叶夹2030-b可同时记录par和温度变化
8）光源选择：自然光，内置光源（提供测量光、光化光和饱和脉冲），可选外置卤素灯光源（特别适合野外研究）
功能
1）可测荧光诱导曲线并进行淬灭分析（fo, fm, fv/fm, f, fm", δf/fm’, qp, qn, npq, retr, par和叶温等）
2）可测光响应曲线和快速光曲线（rlc）
3）51个内置模式菜单，方便参数设置和标准测量
4）可在线监测植物、微藻、地衣、苔藓等的光合作用变化
5）功能强大，特别适合野外操作，实验室内利用wincontrol控制时可自编程序
应用领域
仪器设计特别适合野外使用，可用于研究光合作用机理、各种环境因子（光、温、营养等）对植物生理状态的影响、植物抗逆性（干旱、冷、热、涝、uv、病毒、污染、重金属等）、植物的长期生态学变化等。在植物生理学、植物生态学、植物病理学、农学、林学、园艺学、水生生物学、环境科学、毒理学、微藻生物技术、极地植物光合作用研究等领域有着广泛应用。
系统组成
mini-pam的基本组成包括主机（1）和光纤（2）。主机内置大容量可充电锂电池（12 v/2 ah），可供长时间野外操作（约1000次量子产量测定）。标准系统还包括一个电池充电器（3）和一个“距离叶夹”（4），以及一个运输箱（5）。
可选附件包括：可在测量荧光参数的同时测量par和温度的光适应叶夹2030-b（6）；微型光量子/温度传感器2060-m（7），可用于测量非叶片状样品的par和温度；可安装2030-b或2060-m的三角架st-2101a（8）；暗适应叶夹dlc-8（9），带滑片开关，重4 g；微光纤（10），可用于测量微型样品，或与便携式光合作用测量系统gfs-3000的叶室连用在自然光下同步测量气体交换和叶绿素荧光。
可与光合仪连用，同步测量气体交换和荧光
mini-pam可以利用微光纤与便携式光合作用测量系统gfs-3000连用，在*不遮荫的自然光下同步测量气体交换与叶绿素荧光，特别适合野外生理、生态学研究。
| 
| 
|
技术参数
测量光：红色发光二极管（led），650 nm；标准光强0.15 μmol m-2 s-1par；调制频率0.6或20 khz，自动转换。
光化光：卤素灯，8v/20w，蓝色增强，λ<710 nm，zui大连续光强6000 μmol m-2 s-1par。
饱和脉冲：卤素灯，8v/20w，蓝色增强，λ<710 nm，zui大饱和闪光强度18000 μmol m-2 s-1par。
信号检测：pin-光电二极管，带短波截止滤光片（标准版：λ>710 nm；mini-pam/b：λ>650 nm）；选择性锁相放大器（设计）。
数据存储：cmos ram 128 kb，可存储4000组数据
测量参数：fo, fm, fm’, f, fv/fm(max. yield), δf/fm’(yield), qp, qn, npq, etr, par和叶温等。
环境温度：-5～＋40℃，在极地研究中得到成功应用
部分文献1. roessink i, belgers jdm, crum sjh, van den brink pj, brock tcm, 2006. impact of triphenyltin acetate in microcosms simulating floodplain lakes. ii. comparison of species sensitivity distributions between laboratory and semi-field. ecotoxicology and environmental safety: in press.
2. raftoyannis y, radoglou k, halivopoulos g, 2006. ecophysiology and survival of acer pseudoplatanus l., castanea sativa miller. and quercus frainetto ten. seedlings on a reforestation site in northern greece new forests 31: 151-163.
3. neto d, carvalho lm, cruz c, martins-loução ma, 2006. how do mycorrhizas affect c and n relationships in flooded aster tripolium plants? . plant and soil 279: 51-63.
4. munshi mk, kobayashi y, shikanai t, 2006. crr6 is a novel factor required for accumulation of the chloroplast nad(p)h dehydrogenase complex in arabidopsis. plant physiology: in press.
5. kytridis v-p, manetas y, 2006. mesophyll versus epidermal anthocyanins as potential in vivo antioxidants: evidence linking the putative antioxidant role to the proximity of oxy-radical source. journal of experimental botany: in press.
6. fernandez md, 2006. changes in photosynthesis and fluorescence in response to flooding in emerged and submerged leaves of pouteria orinocoensis photosynthetica 44: 32-38.
7. zaltsman a, ori n, adam z, 2005. two types of ftsh protease subunits are required for chloroplast biogenesis and photosystem ii repair in arabidopsis the plant cell 17: 2782-2790.
8. yamamoto a, bhuiyan mnh, waditee r, tanaka y, esaka m, oba k, jagendorf at, takabe t, 2005. suppressed expression of the apoplastic ascorbate oxidase gene increases salt tolerance in tobacco and arabidopsis plants journal of experimental botany 56: 1785-1796.
9. smethurst cf, garnett t, shabala s, 2005. nutritional and chlorophyll fluorescence responses of lucerne (medicago sativa) to waterlogging and subsequent recovery. plant and soil 270: 31-45.
10. shabala s, shabala l, van volkenburgh e, newman i, 2005. effect of divalent cations on ion fluxes and leaf photochemistry in salinized barley leaves journal of experimental botany 56: 1369-1378.
11. scarano fr, duarte hm, franco ac, geler a, de mattos ea, nahm m, rennenberg h, zaluar hlt, lüttge u, 2005. ecophysiology of se-lected tree species in different plant communities at the periphery of the atlantic forest of se-brazil i. performance of three different species of clusia in an array of plant communities. trees 19: 497-509.
12. okegawa y, tsuyama m, kobayashi y, shikanai t, 2005. the pgr1 mutation in the rieske subunit of the cytochrome b6f complex does not affect pgr5-dependent cyclic electron transport around photosystem i. the journal of biological chemistry 280: 28332-28336.
13. oh s-j, song si, kim ys, jang h-j, kim sy, kim m, kim y-k, nahm bh, kim j-k, 2005. arabidopsis cbf3/dreb1a and abf3 in transgenic rice increased tolerance to abiotic stress without stunting growth. plant physiology 138: 341-351.
14. norisada m, kojima k, 2005. photosynthetic characteristics of dipterocarp species planted on degraded sandy soils in southern thailand photosynthetica 43: 491-499.
15. munné-bosch s, shikanai t, asada k, 2005. enhanced ferredoxin-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem i and -tocopherol quinone accumulation in water-stressed ndhb-inactivated tobacco mutants. planta 222: 502-511.
16. matsubara s, naumann m, martin r, nichol c, rascher u, morosinotto t, bassi r, osmond b, 2005. slowly reversible de-epoxidation of lutein-epoxide in deep shade leaves of a tropical tree legume may ‘lock-in’ lutein-based photoprotection during acclimation to strong light journal of experimental botany 56: 461-468.
17. mano ji, belles-boix e, babiychuk e, inzé d, torii y, hiraoka e, takimoto k, slooten l, asada k, kushnir s, 2005. protection against photooxidative injury of tobacco leaves by 2-alkenal reductase. detoxication of lipid peroxide-derived reactive carbonyls. plant physiology 139: 1773-1783.
18. kotera e, tasaka m, shikanai t, 2005. a pentatricopeptide repeat protein is essential for rna editing in chloroplasts. nature 433: 326-330.
19. kolber z, klimov d, ananyev g, rascher u, berry j, osmond b, 2005. measuring photosynthetic parameters at a distance: laser induced fluorescence transient (lift) method for remote measurements of photosynthesis in terrestrial vegetation. photosynthesis research 84: 121-129.
20. ishihara s, yamamoto y, ifuku k, sato f, 2005. functional analysis of four members of the psbp family in photosystem ii in nicotiana tabacum using differential rna interference. plant cell and physiology 46: 1885-1893.
21. ishida a, toma t, marjenah, 2005. a comparison of in situ leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence at the top canopies in rainforest mature trees. jarq 39: 57-67.
22. houter nc, pons tl, 2005. gap size effects on photoinhibition in understorey saplings in tropical rainforest. plant ecology 179: 43-51.
23. hojo m, tasaka m, shikanai t, 2005. physiological requirements of the nonmevalonate pathway for photo-acclimation in arabidopsis. plant biotechnology 22: 39-45.
24. hirotsu n, makino a, yokota s, mae t, 2005. the photosynthetic properties of rice leaves treated with low temperature and high irradiance plant cell and physiology 46: 1377-1383.
25. hayashi m, yagi m, nito k, kamada t, nishimura m, 2005. differential contribution of two peroxisomal protein receptors to the maintenance of peroxisomal functions in arabidopsis. the journal of biological chemistry 280: 14829-14835.
26. geβler a, duarte hm, franco ac, lüttge u, de mattos ea, nahm m, scarano fr, zaluar hlt, rennenberg h, 2005. ecophysiology of se-lected tree species in different plant communities at the periphery of the atlantic forest of se-brazil ii. spatial and ontogenetic dynamics in andira legalis, a deciduous legume tree. trees 19: 510-522.
27. geßler a, duarte hm, franco ac, lüttge u, de mattos ea, nahm m, rodrigues pjfp, scarano fr, rennenberg h, 2005. ecophysiology of se-lected tree species in different plant communities at the periphery of the atlantic forest of se—brazil iii. three legume trees in a semi-deciduous dry forest. trees 19: 523-530.
28. franco ac, duarte hm, geler a, de mattos ea, nahm m, rennenberg h, ribeiro kt, scarano fr, lüttge u, 2005. in situ measurements of carbon and nitrogen distribution and composition, photochemical efficiency and stable isotope ratios in araucaria angustifolia. trees 19: 422-430.
29. el-lithy me, rodrigues gc, van rensen jjs, snel jfh, dassen hjha, koornneef m, jansen mak, aarts mgm, vreugdenhil d, 2005. altered photosynthetic performance of a natural arabidopsis accession is associated with atrazine resistance journal of experimental botany 56: 1625-1634.
30. chen z, newman i, zhou m, mendham n, zhang g, shabala s, 2005. screening plants for salt tolerance by measuring k+ flux: a case study for barley. plant cell and environment 28: 1230-1246.
31. arena c, vitale l, de santo av, 2005. photosynthetic response of quercus ilex l. plants grown on compost and exposed to increasing photon flux densities and elevated co2. photosynthetica 43: 615-619.
32. ananyev g, kolber zs, klimov d, falkowski pg, berry ja, rascher u, martin r, osmond b, 2005. remote sensing of heterogeneity in photosynthetic efficiency, electron transport and dissipation of excess light in populus deltoides stands under ambient and elevated co2 concentrations, and in a tropical forest canopy, using a new laser-induced fluorescence transient device. global change biology 11: 1195-1206.
33. abdel-ghany se, müller-moulé p, niyogi kk, pilon m, shikanai t, 2005. two p-type atpases are required for copper delivery in arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts the plant cell 17: 1233-1251.
34. 张国盛, 王林和, 李玉灵, 吉川贤, 刘海东, 2004. 切断匍匐茎对臭柏叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 林业科学 40: 60－65.
35. zlatev zs, yordanov it, 2004. effects of soil drought on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in bean plants. bulg. j. plant physiol. 30: 3-18.
36. yabuta y, maruta t, yoshimura k, ishikawa t, shigeoka s, 2004. two distinct redox signaling pathways for cytosolic apx induction under photooxidative stress plant cell and physiology 45: 1586-1594.
37. woitke m, hartung w, gimmler h, heilmeier h, 2004. chlorophyll fluorescence of submerged and floating leaves of the aquatic resurrection plant chamaegigas intrepidus. functional plant biology 31: 53-62.
38. walter a, rascher u, osmond b, 2004. transitions in photosynthetic parameters of midvein and interveinal regions of leaves and theif importance during leaf growth and development. plant biology 6: 184-191.
39. sinsawat v, leipner j, stamp p, fracheboud y, 2004. effect of heat stress on the photosynthetic apparatus in maize (zea mays l.) grown at control or high temperature. environmental and experimental botany 52: 123–129.
40. scholefield pa, doick kj, herbert bmj, hewitt cns, schnitzler j-p, pinelli p, loreto f, 2004. impact of rising co2 on emissions of volatile organic compounds: isoprene emission from phragmites australis growing at elevated co2 in a natural carbon dioxide spring. plant cell and environment 27: 393-401.
41. rascher u, bobich eg, lin gh, walter a, morris t, naumann m, nichol cj, pierce d, bil k, kudeyarov v, berry ja, 2004. functional diversity of photosynthesis during drought in a model tropical rainforest–the contributions of leaf area, photosynthetic electron transport and stomatal conductance to reduction in net ecosystem carbon exchange. plant cell and environment 27: 1239-1256.
42. nagashima a, hanaoka m, shikanai t, fujiwara m, kanamaru k, takahashi h, tanaka k, 2004. the multiple-stress responsive plastid sigma factor, sig5, directs activation of the psbd blue light-responsive promoter (blrp) in arabidopsis thaliana plant cell and physiology 45: 357-368.
43. munekage y, hashimoto m, miyake c, tomizawa k-i, endo t, tasaka m, shikanai t, 2004. cyclic electron flow around photosystem i is essential for photosynthesis nature 429: 579-582.
44. hurst ac, grams tee, ratajczak r, 2004. effects of salinity, high irradiance, ozone, and ethylene on mode of photosynthesis, oxidative stress and oxidative damage in the c3/cam intermediate plant mesembryanthemum crystallinum l. plant cell and environment 27: 187-197.
45. hirotsu n, makino a, ushio a, mae t, 2004. changes in the thermal dissipation and the electron flow in the water–water cycle in rice grown under conditions of physiologically low temperature plant cell and physiology 45: 635-644.
46. giannino d, condello e, bruno l, testone g, tartarini a, cozza r, innocenti am, bitonti mb, mariotti d, 2004. the gene geranylgeranyl reductase of peach (prunus persica [l.] batsch) is regulated during leaf development and responds differentially to distinct stress factors. journal of experimental botany 55: 2063-2073.
47. el-lithy me, clerkx ejm, ruys gj, koornneef m, vreugdenhil d, 2004. quantitative trait locus analysis of growth-related traits in a new arabidopsis recombinant inbred population. plant physiology 135: 444-458.
48. baier m, ströher e, dietz k-j, 2004. the acceptor availability at photosystem i and aba control nuclear expression of 2-cys peroxiredoxin-a in arabidopsis thaliana plant cell and physiology 45: 997-1006.
