浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM款可自动对浮游植物分类的荧光仪
schreiber教授因发明pam系列调制叶绿素荧光仪而获得首届光合作用协会(ispr)创新奖
1983年,walz公司*科学家、德国乌兹堡大学的ulrich schreiber教授设计制造了**台调制荧光仪——pam-101/102/103,并在植物生理、生态、农学、林学、水生生物学等领域得到广泛应用,出版了大量高水平研究文献。但该仪器由于采用光电二极管为检测器,因此只能检测高等植物、室内培养的微藻等叶绿素含量较高(> 10 mg l-1)的样品。
在pam-101/102/103出现的同时,schreiber教授就有了设计一台多波长调制荧光仪的构想。1988年,schreiber教授和他的博士后kolbowski博士*次设计出了16波长(led)荧光分光光度计。
1995年,schreiber教授和kolbowski博士一起设计出了**台可对浮游植物自动分类的调制叶绿素荧光仪phyto-pam。phyto-pam采用调制技术,利用4种不要波长的led作为光源,利用光电倍增管作为检测器,可以对水样中的蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻/甲藻自动分类,并分别测量它们的叶绿素含量和光合活性。
phyto-pam由于采用光电倍增管作为检测器,因此检测限达到 0.1
μg l-1 chl。根据研究对象和研究目的不同,可有3套系统供您选择。
phyto-pam是水域生态学、海洋与湖沼学、水质监测等领域的有效工具。
系统描述:
脉冲-振幅-调制(pulse-amplitude-modulation, pam)技术的测量原理是基于对调制测量光激发的荧光信号的选择性放大。在phyto-pam浮游植物荧光仪中,微秒级的测量光脉冲是由4种不同颜色的发光二极管(led)阵列发出的:蓝色(470 nm)、绿色(520 nm)、浅红色(645 nm)和深红色(665 nm)。不同颜色的测量光脉冲在高频率下交替应用,就可以获得4种波长的光激发出的半同步的荧光信号。结合不同藻类的参考光谱(reference spectrum)就可区分不同藻类,并分别测量它们的光合活性和叶绿素含量。
phyto-pam可以对蓝藻、绿藻和硅/甲藻进行分类。由于硅藻和甲藻的色素组成差别不大,目前技术上还很难对它们进行区分。要想对它们区分,除了考虑色素组成外,更重要的是考虑捕光色素-蛋白复合体的结构特别是横向截面积,这必须结合“泵”和“探针”法测量荧光。目前walz公司正结合“泵”和“探针”法开发对微藻分类更多、更精确的仪器。phyto-pam还可以测量这些藻类的叶绿素浓度(检测限为0.1
μg l-1 chl)。phyto-pam更加强大的功能是可以探测自然水样中蓝藻、绿藻和硅/甲藻的光合活性和光适应状态。
phyto-pam采用微型光电倍增管作为检测器,可以检测及其微弱的灵敏变化,同时还具备强光自动关闭的保护功能,因此仪器操作和维护更加容易。
特点:
1) 可对浮游植物自动分类的调制叶绿素荧光仪
2) 4波长光源:470、520、645和665 nm
3) 对蓝藻、绿藻和硅/甲藻进行分类
4) 可选配室内系统(i)、野外系统(ii)和测附着藻类/大型藻类的系统(iii)
5) 灵敏度高,检测限为0.1μg l-1 chl
6) 专业phytowin操作软件,数据收集、分析和存贮功能强大
7)用户可利用培养的微藻做参考光谱,非“黑匣子”
8)可在野外测量后根据水体藻类组成利用优势种(一种或多种)的参考光谱校对实验结果
功能:
1) 可对蓝藻、绿藻和硅/甲藻自动分类(定性)
2) 可自动测量水样中蓝藻、绿藻和硅/甲藻的叶绿素含量(定量)和总叶绿素含量
3) 可同时测量水样中蓝藻、绿藻和硅/甲藻的光合作用和总光合活性
4) 可测量光合作用的量子产量和相对电子传递速率
5) 可自动记录量子产量和相对电子传递速率的快速光响应曲线
6) 用户可做自己的参考光谱
7) 可连接记录仪或示波器记录原始荧光诱导动力学曲线
应用领域:
浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM 多用于水生生物学、水域生态学、海洋学、湖沼学、水质监测和预警、微藻生理学、微藻抗逆性、环境科学、生态毒理学、极地藻类(冰藻)研究等领域,对于了解自然水体中藻类种群的动态变化、水华/赤潮预警、野外水体中光合作用的时空变化、校正初级生产力的计算等有较大帮助。
系统组成:
phyto-pam的主机连接不同的检测器可以组成3套不同的测量系统:
系统i
实验室版本,利用光学单元ed-101us/mp和标准10×10 mm样品杯检测荧光
系统i的所有光电元件均需安装在铁架台上,适合实验室用。但由于主机phyto-c内置大容量电池,因此它也可以在野外或在船上使用。系统i的一个突出优点是光学单元ed-101us/mp的开放式设计,它允许安装不同的滤光片或不同颜色的光化光led阵列。与系统ii的phto-ed相比,10×10 mm样品杯中的光场分布更加均匀。同时,系统i还可以连接温度控制器us-t和微型磁力搅拌器phyto-ms。这些特点决定了系统i更加适合浮游植物光合作用的基础研究。
系统ii
野外便携式版本,利用phyto-ed和直径15 mm的样品杯检测荧光
在系统ii中,所有光电元件都整合在便携式的激发-检测单元phyto-ed中。phyto-ed密封防水。系统ii在野外或在船上工作,当然室内也*可以使用。
系统iii
光纤型版本,利用phyto-edf检测附着藻类或大型藻类的荧光
系统iii的光纤型激发-检测单元phyto-edf可以检测所有生长在表面的光合生物的光合作用。比较适合的测试材料包括附着藻类、底栖藻类、藻垫(microbial mats)和大型藻类等。由于采用光纤传导信号而且测量面积小,因此灵敏度比系统i和ii要低。但是由于附着藻类等材料的叶绿素含量远远高于水体中的浮游植物,因此系统iii的灵敏度*可满足实验要求。
● 基础配置 ○ 可选配置 | 系统i (实验室版) | 系统ii (野外版) | 系统iii (光纤版) |
主机phyto-c | ● | ● | ● |
测量光led阵列phyto-ml | ● | | |
光化光led阵列phyto-al | ● | | |
光电倍增管pm-101p | ● | | |
光学单元ed-101us/mp | ● | | |
工作台st-101 | ● | | |
激发-检测单元phyto-ed | | ● | |
光纤型激发-检测单元phyto-edf | | | ● |
微型磁力搅拌器phyto-ms | ○ | | |
球状微型光量子探头us-sqs | ○ | ○ | ○ |
温度控制器us-t | ○ | | |
搅拌器water-s | | ○ | |
浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM 技术参数:
测量光:波长470、520、645和665 nm的测量光led。
光化光:波长655 nm的led;光化光强度0~2000 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系统i和ii)或0~1300 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系统iii)。
饱和脉冲:波长655 nm的led;饱和脉冲强度4000 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系统i和ii)或2600 μmol m-2 s-1 par(系统iii)。
信号检测:光电倍增管,带短波截止滤光片(λ>710 nm);选择性锁相放大器。
测量参数:ft, f(或fo), fm(或 fm’), δf, y(δf/ fm’或fv/fm), etr和chl浓度等。
环境温度:-5~+45 ℃,已在极地成功应用。
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