如何清除肿瘤相关巨噬细胞TAM?荷兰Liposoma给你解决方案利器
时间:2024-11-21 阅读:108
实体瘤不仅由恶性细胞组成,而且是复杂的器官样结构,包含多种细胞类型,包括多种迁移性造血细胞和常驻基质细胞。白细胞浸润到实体瘤中的作用在十多年前就被注意到了。这些细胞类型迁移到肿瘤中被解释为宿主对生长中的肿瘤产生免疫反应的证据,但最近很明显,肿瘤在很大程度上被认为是自身并且缺乏强抗原。相反,它们似乎被选中来操纵宿主免疫系统以防止排斥反应并利用它来促进自己的生长和传播。这导致提出由骨髓细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞 (DC)、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞组成的造血细胞浸润在致癌作用中起因果作用。从广泛的实体瘤中收集的临床数据强调了这些发现,因为高密度的白细胞浸润,尤其是巨噬细胞,与疾病的不良预后相关。
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 产生大量促进肿瘤发生的因子。突出的包括碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、血小板衍生生长因子 (PDGF)、转化生长因子 β (TGFβ)、血管生成素(Ang1 和 Ang2)、IL-1 和 IL-8 等白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、胸苷磷酸化酶 (TP)、基质金属蛋白酶 MMP-9 和 MMP-2、一氧化氮 (NO) 和趋化因子 。这些分子的协调空间和时间表达导致内皮细胞 (EC) 的增殖和迁移、细胞外基质的重塑和稳定血管的形成。巨噬细胞容易促进这些过程,因为它们的单核细胞前体迁移到特定位置,例如缺氧肿瘤组织,在那里他们分化和合成血管生成分子。肿瘤需要血管生成才能长出超过几毫米的大小。血管生成还被发现通过提供氧气和营养以及清除废物对广泛的肿瘤生长和转移至关重要。VEGF 生长因子家族由结构高度相关的蛋白质及其相应的受体组成,在血液系统恶性肿瘤和实体瘤的血管生成过程中起着至关重要的作用。几种靶向 VEGF 或其受体的治疗方法显示出良好的临床结果。此外,最近的研究表明,由募集骨髓衍生的血管白细胞介导的血管发生,这些血管白细胞同时表达内皮细胞和树突状细胞标志物并分化为内皮样细胞,在肿瘤血管生成中起着重要作用。Maruyama 等人新近发表的一篇论文记录了巨噬细胞在病理性淋巴管生成中起的关键作用,他们提供了证据,证明 CD11b+ 巨噬细胞能够转分化为淋巴内皮细胞簇,这些细胞簇在小鼠角膜移植模型中加入现有的淋巴管。
双膦酸盐是临床上用于预防或抑制骨转移或骨过度吸收发展以及治疗类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎等炎症性疾病的化合物。最近,已发现使用双膦酸盐作为抗血管生成剂可以抑制实体瘤的生长和转移(Giraudo 等人,2004 年)。随着双膦酸盐氯膦酸盐包埋到脂质体 (Clodronate Liposoems,Nico Van Rooijen等人) 中,已经开发出一种用于选择性耗竭巨噬细胞的有效试剂,并成功应用于多项免疫学研究。因此,我们研究了 TAMs 耗竭是否会抑制肿瘤血管生成,从而抑制肿瘤生长和播散的可能性。在这里,我们表明氯膦酸盐脂质体介导的 TAM 耗竭抑制肿瘤生长,可能是通过阻断肿瘤血管生成。
体外实验
游离氯膦酸盐:clodronate
脂质体包裹的氯膦酸:liposome encapsulated clodronate (clodrolip),Clodronate Liposomes
in vitro effect of free and liposome encapsulated clodronate (clodrolip). (A) Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of clodrolip on macrophages (isolated from Sv129 mice by peritoneal lavage) in vitro. (B) Cytotoxicity of clodronate or clodrolip on different cells in vitro. Macrophages, HUVE, F9 and A673 cells were cultured in the presence of 1 mg ml−1 clodronate or clodrolip for 6 h. Results are means±s.e.m. (n=3). Statistical analysis: *P<0.05 vs untreated cells.
体内实验
in vivo effect of free and liposome encapsulated clodronate (clodrolip)。(C) Selective depletion of spleen cell populations after treatment with clodronate and clodrolip. Spleen tissues obtained from immunocompetent Sv129 mice injected with PB, clodronate or with clodrolip are shown (initial dose 2 mg 20 g−1 mouse body weight, followed by 1 mg, every 4 days, i.p.). Spleens were removed and sections IHC stained for marginal zone metallophilic MOMA1+, marginal zone ER-TR 9+, red pulp F4/80+, CD68+ and CD11b+ macrophages, the DC subsets FDC+ and CD11c+, B220+ B cells, and CD3+ T cells. Bar: 100 μm.
显而易见,Cloddrolip组清除巨噬细胞效果更优,如上图所示,F4/80阳性的巨噬细胞相比较对照组PBS和游离氯膦酸盐组,简直碾压。同时也证明了游离氯膦酸盐无法体内清除巨噬细胞。因此,建议订购荷兰Liposoma商业化巨噬细胞清除剂--Clodronate Liposomes,氯膦酸盐脂质体。货号CP-005-005. 同时,相比较对照组PBS,氯膦酸盐脂质体对其他免疫细胞没有清除效果。可以看我们之前的文章,巨噬细胞清除剂会清除外周血其他细胞吗?巨噬细胞清除剂会清除骨髓其他细胞吗?
Clodrolip(Clodronate Liposomes) promotes macrophage depletion and inhibits tumour growth
We next studied the effects of clodrolip on tumour progression and angiogenesis in the highly vascularised and fast-growing syngeneic F9 teratocarcinoma mouse tumour model. Mice were treated i.p. with PB, empty liposomes, clodronate or clodrolip. The initial clodronate dose was 2 mg 20 g−1 mouse body weight, followed by 1 mg 20 g−1 mouse body weight given every 4 days. Therapy onset was 6 h after tumour cell inoculation. In two groups, clodrolip therapy was delayed to days 4 and 8, respectively. Clodrolip treatment inhibited tumour growth, even at the most delayed therapy onset (days 8 and 12) (Figure 2A and Supplementary Figure s2A). The most effective growth inhibition (74%, P=0.0185) was obtained with an early treatment on days 0, 4, 8 and 12. Clodronate (5 mg) given on days 0, 4, 8, 12 had an insignificant inhibitory effect of 45% (P=0.21), comparable to the days 4, 8 and 12 delayed clodrolip schedule (49%, P=0.167). The delayed onset of therapy at time points where tumours were already established and well vascularised (day 4 or 8) resulted in less pronounced growth inhibition, suggesting that macrophage depletion in large tumours is not sufficient to efficiently inhibit tumour growth.
荷兰Nico Van Rooijen教授First开发了该试剂,也就是现在的荷兰Liposoma品牌,国内客户可以直接订购巨噬细胞清除剂:氯膦酸盐脂质体Clodronate Liposomes氯膦酸二钠脂质体,订购货号CP-005-005。规格是5ml清除剂+5ml对照试剂。国内客户可以联系大中华办事处靶点科技(Target Technology)。专业的技术团队给您的巨噬细胞清除实验以解决方案,以及根据结果给与优化和建议。