采购人员水质生物毒性检测仪选购指南（第二版）-化工仪器网-手机版

采购人员如何选择水质毒性分析仪

一、背景介绍

水质毒性检测仪，也称为水质生物毒性检测仪，或水质发光细菌法水质生物毒性分析仪。采用发光细菌法，遵循《ISO-11348-3》欧盟标准，所用发光细菌在正常新陈代谢时发出450-490nm的蓝绿荧光，一旦遇到外界的毒性物质，就会对发光细菌的新陈代谢产生影响，进而抑制发光强度。发光细菌所受的抑制大小和外界毒性物质的毒性大小相关。该方法从生物学的角度为环境质量的检测和评价提供了依据，该检测仪可以在现场快速的对水质污染情况进行检测，该仪器是常规理化科学仪器的有效补充。 SEM810-TOX便携式水质毒性检测仪采用双光路对照检测技术，可以在检测过程中对整个毒性抑制情况进行动力学检测，清楚的了解毒性接触反应的过程，弥补单一测量结果评价毒性大小的不足。

二、别名有哪些？

发光细菌法水质生物毒性检测仪、费氏弧菌水质毒性分析仪，生物毒性分析仪、生物毒性监测仪等。

三、检测原理

便携式生物毒性检测系统是建立在细菌发光生物传感方法基础上的毒性检测技术，它能有效地检测突发性或破坏性的环境污染。发光细菌的发光过程是菌体内一种新陈代谢的生理过程，是光呼吸进程，属于呼吸链上的一个侧支，该光的波长在 490nm 左右。这种发光过程极易受到外界条件的影响，凡是干扰或损害细菌呼吸或生理过程的任何因素都能使细菌发光强度发生变化。当有毒有害物质与发光细菌接触时，水样中的毒性物质会影响发光菌的新陈代谢，发光强度的减弱与样品毒性物质的浓度成正比。

四、适用标准

国标方法：水质急性毒性的测定发光细菌法GB/T 15441-1995 Water quality-Determination of the acute toxicity-Luminescent bacteria test GB/T 15441-1995

2.国际方法： International standard ISO11348-3-2007 Water quality-Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri(Luminescent bacteria test)-Part 3:Method using freeze-dried bacteria

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 11348-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological methods.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11348-3:1998), which has been technically revised.

ISO 11348 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality — Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test):

⎯ Part 1: Method using freshly prepared bacteria

⎯ Part 2: Method using liquid-dried bacteria

⎯ Part 3: Method using freeze-dried bacteria

五、生物毒性检测仪分类

从形式上分：（1）便携式水质毒性检测仪SEM810-TOX，或成为手提式随之毒性检测仪，适用于野外操作，取样和检测方便；（2）实验室水质毒性检测仪SEM820-TOX，或称为实验室水质生物毒性检测仪，适用于实验室操作，可以用于科研单位，也可以用于在线设备报警后的实验室比对；（3）水质毒性在线监测仪SEM830-TOX，或称为在线水质毒性分析仪，实用于建设站房，水质生物毒性的自动检测。
从应用上分为：（1）环境或者疾控应急监测项目水质生物毒性检测仪；（2）污染源现场快速筛查水质生物毒性检测仪；（3）加工用水、地表水、以及渗滤毒性的水质生物毒性检测仪；（4）教学演示及科学研究等水质生物毒性检测仪。
从来源上分为：（1）国产水质生物毒性检测仪；（b）进口水质生物毒性检测仪。
从菌种上分为：（1）费氏弧菌生物毒性检测仪；（2）青海弧菌生物毒性分析仪；（3）明亮发光杆菌生物毒性检测仪