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【公司名称】 广州健仑生物科技有限公司
【市场部】    杨永汉

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【腾讯  】 2042552662
【公司地址】 广州清华科技园创新基地番禺石楼镇创启路63号二期2幢101-103室

实验原理
核型（karyotype）一词在20世纪20年代首先由苏联学者T. A. Levzky等人提出。核型分析的发展有三项技术起了很重要的促进作用，一是1952年美籍华人细胞学家徐道觉发现的低渗处理技术，使中期细胞的染色体分散良好，便于观察；二是秋水仙素的应用便于富集中期细胞分裂相；三是植物凝集素（PHA）刺激血淋巴细胞转化、分裂，使以血培养方法观察动物及人的染色体成为可能。
核型是指染色体组在有丝分裂中期的表型，包括染色体数目、大小、形态特征等。核型分析是对染色体进行测量计算的基础上，进行分组、排队、配对并进行形态分析的过程。核型分析对于探讨人类遗传病的机制、物种亲缘关系与进化、远缘流感的鉴定等都有重要意义。将一个染色体组的全部染色体逐个按其特征描绘下来，再按长短、形态等特征排列起来的图像称为核型模式图，它代表一个物种的核型模式。
1960年，丹佛会议上，提出了人类有丝分裂染色体命名标准体制草案，为以后的所有命名方法奠定了基础。1963年，伦敦会议上，正式批准Patan 提出的A、B、C、D、E、F、G七个字母表示七组染色体的分类法。1966年，芝加哥会议上，提出人类染色体组和畸变速记符号的标准命名体制。

Experimental principle
The karyotype was first proposed in the 1920s by Soviet scholar T. A. Levzky et al. The development of karyotyping has played a very important role in promoting the development of three technologies. One is the hypotonic treatment technology discovered by the Chinese-American cytologist Xu Dajue in 1952, which makes the metaphase cell chromosomes well dispersed and easy to observe. Second, colchicine The application of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulates the transformation and division of blood lymphocytes, making it possible to observe the chromosomes of animals and humans by blood culture methods.
Karyotype refers to the phenotype of the genome in the mitotic metaphase, including the number of chromosomes, size, morphological characteristics. Karyotype analysis is the process of grouping, queuing, pairing and morphological analysis based on the measurement and calculation of chromosomes. Karyotyping is of great importance to explore the mechanism of human genetic diseases, the relationship and evolution of species and the identification of distant flu. An image of all chromosomes of a genomic group, which are characterized by their characteristics one by one, and then arranged according to the features such as the length, the shape and the like, is called a karyotype pattern and represents the karyotype pattern of a species.
In 1960, at the Denver meeting, a draft standard system for naming human mitosis chromosomes was put forward, laying the foundation for all future naming methods. In 1963, at the London meeting, Patan put forward the seven-letter classification of chromosomes A, B, C, D, E, F and G. At the Chicago conference in 1966, a standard naming system for the human genome and aberration shorthand notation was proposed.