3D打印皮肤力学组织测试分析表征

BCT2000组织柔软度测量仪是用来测量一定区域的皮肤或者凝胶组织在一个吸引强制力的作用下的变形以及恢复的能力，其测量样品的种类包括人类及动物皮肤、瘢痕及愈合组织、人工凝胶及植入假体，人工器官、橡胶薄膜、塑胶薄膜等多种材料

※柔韧度性与弹性无破坏性、实时、客观、灵敏地测试
※生物力学组织表征
主要应用领域：
※健康人群皮肤弹性的差异性
※皮肤衰老因素调查
※病理状态下皮肤的弹性变化
※化妆品和激光对皮肤的疗效
※皮肤及凝胶类组织的弹性实时测量
※皮肤及凝胶类组织的硬度实时测量
※体表的创伤愈合和伤口愈合的早期阶段皮肤的弹性特征分析
※非破坏性测量完整的人体皮肤，对伤口和弹性材料进行测量

BTC-2000™  Features:

• High-Resolution Target Laser (µm) and negative pressure (mmHg & mbar) transducer.
• Simple touchscreen interface, including easy 3-step skin test protocol.
• Portable-lightweight system with hard-shell case.
• Real-time graphical screen updates, auto-calculations & immediate display of BTC results
  (Intact Skin or Material Characterization, Disruptive Incisional or Material Failure).
• Various glass chambers for observation and sterilization.
• Data management to review data
• An RS232 connection to transfer tests to BTC-2!; a file transfer and BTC Analysis program for importing and ranalyzing tests/files using Windows compatible systems. In addition, BTC-2! generates spreadsheets of results for statistical analysis.
• Optional Data Acquisition Parameters and pressure modes.
• Optional Stress-Strain calculations normalized to area and sample thickness.
• Printer connection and driver support for printing BTC results.
• On screen “HELP” for on-site support.
• Unlimited applications including skin, soft tissue & wound healing.

应用：

Systems for objective, quantitative and sensitive analyses of the biomechanical properties of skin, soft tissues, wound closure, wound healing & both intact and disruptive characterization of elastic materials.
 

SRLI’s patented technologies offer scientific value for R&D evaluations:

• Bridges methodology between the laboratory & clinic.
• Objective analysis for standardization & reproducibility.
• Fixed boundaries & minimal pre-stress for reliable analysis.
• Characterization and measurements of structural and material properties.
• Generous high-resolution deformation measurement range to detect ultra-sensitive differences.
• Non-Disruptive/Intact measurements of human skin, wounds & elastic materials.
• In-vivo biomechanical measurements of wound closure & the early phases of wound healing.
• Disruptive in-vivo elastic materials testing and analysis.
• Reduced sample preparation time allows for immediate testing (i.e. tissue adhesives & sealants)
• Non-Disruptive measurements permit multiple analyses of the same wound/tissue over time.
• Clinically relevant multi-axial stress in full thickness models.
• Intact materials characterization of the “actual product” 
  (no sample excision), including non-destructive testing.
• Provides data & results in real-time.

应用文献：

• Measurement of change in the mechanical properties of burned skin to therapist intervention with a vacuum device. Gabriel V, Kowalske K. Burns. 2015 Jun;41(4):796-802.
• Establishing a Reproducible Hypertrophic Scar following Thermal Injury: A Porcine Model. Scott J. Rapp, MD, Aaron Rumberg, BS, Marty Visscher, PhD, David A. Billmire, MD, Ann S. Schwentker, MD, and Brian S. Pan, MD. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Feb; 3(2): e309. 
• Silicone gel breast implants: science and testing. Kinney BM1, Jeffers LL, Ratliff GE, Carlisle DA. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Jul;134(1 Suppl):47S-56S.
• Viscoelastic Properties of Human Facial Skin- A Pilot Study. M.W. Beatty · A. Wee · D.B. Marx · L. Ridgway · B. Simetich. Conference Paper. IADR General Session and Exhibition 2014; 06/2014. 
• Viscoelastic properties measurement of the prolapsed anterior vaginal wall: a patient-directed methodology. Chuong CJ, Ma M, Eberhart RC, Zimmern P. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Feb;173:106-12.
• Effect of Clostridial Collagenase Ointment on Healing, Scarring, and Granulation Tissue in Acute Wounds. David Mire, Herbert Slade, Kathy Weedon, Shai Rozen. Conference Paper: 2013 Clinical Symposium on Advances in Skin and Wound Care, At Orlando, Fl
• A comparative study of the surgically relevant mechanical characteristics of the topical skin adhesives. Singer AJ, Perry L. Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Nov;19(11):1281-6.
• LiquiBand® ExceedTM Topical Skin Adhesive Summary of Effectiveness Data. J Alarcon, BSc (Hons), CCRA, G Miller, BSc (Hons). ADVANCED MEDICAL SOLUTIONS. web: us.liquiband.com.
• Multimodal quantitative analysis of early pulsed-dye laser treatment of scars at a pediatric burn hospital. Bailey JK, Burkes SA, Visscher MO, Whitestone J, Kagan RJ, Yakuboff KP, Warner P, Randall Wickett R. Dermatol Surg. 2012 Sep;38(9):1490-6.
• TOPICAL SKIN CARE FORMULATIONS. United States Patent. Hines et al. Patent No.: US 8,178,106. Date of Patent: May 15, 2012. 
• In Vivo Btc-2000 Measurement of Anterior Vaginal Wall Biomechanical Properties in Prolapse Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair. Elizabeth Mosier, Rachel Jerome, Xian-Jin Xie, Charles CJ Chuong, J Yan, Robert C Eberhart and Philippe E Zimmern. J Biotechnol Biomaterial. Dec 07, 2011. 1:117
• Antioxidants and Skin Aging: A Review. Christian Oresajo, PhD; Sreekumar Pillai, PhD; Margarita Yatskayer, MS; Germain Puccetti, PhD; David H. McDaniel, MD. Cosmetic Dermatology. November 2009 Vol. 22 No. 11.: 563-570.
• In Vivo Study of Wound Bursting Strength and Compliance of Topical Skin Adhesives. Adam J. Singer MD, Larry C. Perry RN and Robert L. Allen Jr BS. Acad Emerg Med. 2008 Dec;15(12):1290-4.
• Overexpression of mIGF-1 in Keratinocytes Improves Wound Healing and Accelerates Hair Follicle Formation and Cycling in Mice. Ekaterina Semenova, Heidi Koegel, Sybille Hasse, Jennifer E. Klatte, Esfir Slonimsky, Daniel Bilbao, Ralf Paus, Sabine Werner, and Nadia Rosenthal. Am J Pathol. 2008 Nov; 173(5): 1295–1310.
• Lip care compositions. United States Patent. Wright et al. Pub. No.: US2008/0287540A1. Pub. Date: NOV. 20, 2008
• Role of Rac1 in a Bleomycin-Induced Scleroderma Model Using Fibroblast-Specific Rac1-Knockout Mice., Liu S, Kapoor M, Shi-wen X, Kennedy L, Denton CP, Glogauer M, Abraham DJ, Leask A., Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jul;58(7):2189-95.
• Accelerated Wound Closure in Mice Deficient for Interleukin-10. Sabine A. Eming, Sabine Werner, Philippe Bugnon, Claudia Wickenhauser, Lisa Siewe, Olaf Utermöhlen, Jeffrey M. Davidson, Thomas Krieg, and Axel Roers. Am J Pathol. 2007 Jan; 170(1): 188–202.
• Development of a method for the evaluation of wound tensile strength in cynomolgus macaques. Joel B. Cornacoff, Kreg Howk, Bill Pikounis, Vince Mendenhall, Pauline Martin. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 28 August 2007.
• Accelerated Wound Closure in Mice Deficient for Interleukin-10. Sabine A. Eming,* Sabine Werner,† Philippe Bugnon,† Claudia Wickenhauser,‡ Lisa Siewe,* Olaf Utermöhlen,§ Jeffrey M. Davidson,¶|| Thomas Krieg,* and Axel Roers* Am J Pathol. 2007 January; 170(1): 188–202.
• Evaluation of the multiple pass, low fluence algorithm for radiofrequency tightening of the lower face. Melissa A. Bogle, MD 1 2 *, Nathan Ubelhoer, DO 1 3, Robert A. Weiss, MD 4, Flor Mayoral, MD, Michael S. Kaminer, MD 1 Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. Volume 39, Issue 3 , Pages 210 – 217. 2007.
• Surfactants in Personal Care Products and Decorative Cosmetics By Linda D. Rhein, Mitchell Schlossman, Ponisseril Somasundaran, Anthony O'Lenick. Published 2006 CRC Press. Chapter 3, Noninvasive Techniques to Measure Cutaneous Effects of Skin Care. Randall P. Wickett, PhD, Linda D. Rluein PhD, Svetlana Babajanyan MD.
• Peroxiredoxin 6 Is a Potent Cytoprotective Enzyme in the Epidermis.  Angelika Kümin, Christine Huber, Thomas Rülicke, Eckhard Wolf, and Sabine Werner.  Am J Pathol. 2006 October; 169(4): 1194–1205.
• Effect of Weight Loss on Cellulite: Gynoid Lypodystrophy. Smalls, Lola K. B.S.; Hicks, Matthew; Passeretti, David M.D.; Gersin, Keith M.D.; Kitzmiller, W John M.D.; Bakhsh, Adel M.D.; Wickett, R Randall Ph.D.; Whitestone, Jennifer M.S.; Visscher, Marty O. Ph.D. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 118(2):510-516, August 2006.
• COMPARISON BETWEEN LOW ENERGY, MULTIPLE PASS TECHNIQUE AND HIGH ENERGY, FEWER PASS TECHNIQUE WITH THERMACOOL SYSTEM FOR FACIAL REJUVENATION. Karen H. Kim, James Koch, and Roy G. Geronemus. Journal of American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Abstracts 2005 Page 3 #74.
• Emerging Technologies and Therapies in Dermatology. Michael S. Krivda. Skin & Aging - ISSN: 1096-0120 - Volume 13 - Issue 9_2005 - September 2005 - Pages: 78 – 84.
• The Epidermis in Wound Healing By David T. Rovee, Howard Ira Maibach. Published 2004 Informa Health Care. Chapter 18 OptimizingEpidermal Regeneration in Facial Skin Following Aesthetic Procedures. Greg Skover. James M. Spencer, and Mitchel P. Goldman.
• Activities of the Matrix Metalloproteinase Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) in Matrix Degradation and Keratinocyte Organization in Wounded Skin. Monika Krampert *, Wilhelm Bloch , Takako Sasaki , Philippe Bugnon *, Thomas R¸licke , Eckhard Wolf ||, Monique Aumailley "[1], William C. Parks #, and Sabine Werner *. Vol. 15, Issue 12, 5242-5254, December 2004.
• Transgenic mice reveal novel activities of growth hormone in wound repair, angiogenesis and myofibroblast differentiation. Thorey IS, Hinz B, Hoeflich A, Kaesler S, Bugnon P, Elmlinger M, Wanke R, Wolf E, Werner S. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 18;279(25):26674-84. Epub 2004 Apr 7.
• Validation of improved texture and elasticity measurement techniques using benchmark cosmetic and dermatological anti-aging treatments. Stacy S Hawkins, PhDa, Carol Feinberga, Melissa Matzke, MSa, Ronni Weinkauf, PhDa. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Volume 50, Issue 3, Page P26 (March 2004)
• Use of a fibroblast growth factor-binding protein for the treatment and diagnosis of diabetic wound healing problems. Goppelt, Andreas (Wien, AT), Bittner Michaela (Wien, AT). United States Patent 20060014158. 01/19/2006.
• Evaluation of clinical utility of BTC-2000 for measuring soft tissue fibrosis. A. M. Davis;C. Gerrand;A. Griffin;B. O'Sullivan;R. P. Hill;J. S. Wunder;A. Abudu;R. S. Bell. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Sep 1;60(1):286-94.
• Comparison of wound-bursting strengths and surface characteristics of FDA-approved tissue adhesives for skin closure. Adam J. Singer, Tom Zimmerman, Jean Rooney, Paul Cameau, Gregory Rudomen and Steve A. McClain. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. Volume 18, Number 1 / January, 2004
• Taking a Closer Look at Post-Surgical Skin Changes. Larisa Hubbs. Skin & Aging - ISSN: 1096-0120 - Volume 11 - Issue 10 - October 2003 - Pages: 100 – 104.
• Quantitative evaluation of nonablative laser technology. Friedman PM, Skover GR, Payonk G, Geronemus RG. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2002 Dec;21(4):266-73. 
• Evaluation of clinical utility of BTC-2000 for measuring soft tissue fibrosis. A. M. Davis;C. Gerrand;A. Griffin;B. O'Sullivan;R. P. Hill;J. S. Wunder;A. Abudu;R. S. Bell. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Sep 1;60(1):286-94.
• Jerry J. Wilmink. Vanderbilt University Center for Matrix Biology. Research Summary. 2004
• Interference with Transforming Growth Factor-û[1]/ Smad3 Signaling Results in Accelerated Healing of Wounds in Previously Irradiated Skin. Kathleen C. Flanders*, Christopher D. Major*, Alidad Arabshahi*, Ekinadese E. Aburime*, Miya H. Okada*, Makiko Fujii*, Timothy D. Blalock, Gregory S. Schultz, Anastasia Sowers, Mario A. Anzano*, James B. Mitchell, Angelo Russo and Anita B. Roberts*. American Journal of Pathology. 2003;163:2247-2257.
• Non-Invasive Skin Check Sensitive In Systemic Sclerosis Patients. Anne MacLennan. A DGReview of :"Non-invasive measurement of biomechanical skin properties in systemic sclerosis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (ARD Online). 03/01/2002.
• Scleroderma in children. Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, overlap syndromes, and other fibrosing syndromes. Foeldvari, Ivan MD. Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 14(6):699-703, November 2002.
• A 28-Day Study of the Effect of Coated VICRYL* Plus Antibacterial Suture (Coated Polyglactin 910 Suture with Triclosan) on Wound Healing in Guinea Pig Linear Incisional Skin Wounds. Mark Storch, Larry C. Perry, Jeffrey M. Davidson, James J. Ward. Surgical Infections. 2002. 
• Quantitative evaluation of nonablative laser technology. Friedman PM, Skover GR, Payonk G, Geronemus RG. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2002 Dec;21(4):266-73.
• Nonablative Resurfacing Improves Skin Topology (New York-Skin & Allergy News, November, 2001)
• Second Messenger Eps8 Is A Gene Therapy Candidate In Wound Healing. Yubin Shi*, Jayasri Dasgupta*,Jin-hua Liu*, Mike Slowey*, Gianluca Carlesso*, Susan R. Opalenik*, Michaela Bittner#, , Andreas Goppelt#,Jeffrey M. Davidson*¯ *Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, and ¯ Research Service, VA Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212; # Switch-Biotech AG, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany (yubin.shi@mcmail.vanderbilt.ed)
• The Conditional Knock-Out Of The Transforming Growth Factor Type II Receptor In Fibroblasts Results In Impaired Wound Healing. Neil A. Bhowmick¹, Anna Chytil¹, Cher Carlisle², Eric Neilson³, Jeffrey M. Davidson²*, Harold L. Moses¹. Departments of ¹Cancer Biology, ²Pathology, and ³Medicine, Vanderbilt University, and ^*VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 neil.bhowmick@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
• The The S100 Proteins MRP8 and MRP14 Are Active As Gene Therapy Agents In Incisional Wound Repair. Jayasri Dasgupta*, Yubin Shi*, Uwe Gosslar¯, Wolgang Hans¯, Michaela Bittner¯, Andreas Goppelt¯ and Jeffrey M Davidson*¶. *Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University and ¶Research Service, VA Med. Ctr., Nashville, TN and ¯SWITCH Biotech AG, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany (jayasri.dasgupta@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu)
• The evaluation of aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion for photodamage., Tan MH, Spencer JM, Pires LM, Ajmeri J, Skover G., Dermatol Surg 2001 Nov;27(11):943-9
• Assessment of Biomedical Skin Properties: Is Cellulitic Skin Different? Dobke MK, DiBernardo B, Thompson RC, Usal H. Aesthetic Surg J 2002;22:260-266
• Impaired wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the activin antagonist follistatin in the epidermis. Wankell M, Munz B, Hubner G, Hans W, Wolf E, Goppelt A, Werner S. EMBO J 2001 Oct 1;20(19):5361-72
• Assessment of Acute Tensile Strength in Wounds Closed with Fibrin Tissue Adhesive. James W. Doyle Erin Wirth, Yaye Lo, and David Tuthill. American Red Cross, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD. Presented at the Wound Healing Society Meeting, 2001
• Comparison of the Biomechanical Properties of Burns Grafted with Conventional Split Thickness Skin vs. IntegraTM Artificial Skin. DW Mozingo, MD; K Ben-David, MD; KJ Perrin, RN BSN; GS Schultz, PhD, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine. Presented at the John Bostwick Burn & Wound Symposium, February 2001.
• The Effect Of An Amino Acid Complex On The Biomechanical Behavior Of Facial Skin., Rube J. Pardo, Ph.D., M.D., Greg Skover, Ph.D., Florence Foucauld, M.D., Mitchel P. Goldman, M.D. And Richard E. Fitzpatrick, M.D.
• Device measures skin stiffening in systemic sclerosis. Chustecka Z, Rheumawire, March 21, 2002
• Non-invasive measurement of biomechanical skin properties in systemic sclerosis. Balbir-Gurman A, Denton CP, Nichols B, Knight CJ, Nahir AM, Martin G, Black CM. Ann Rheum Dis 2002 Mar;61(3):237-41.
• Non-Invasive Measurement Of Biomechanical Properties Of Skin In Systemic Sclerosis Patients. Balbir-Gurman A.*, Nichols B.#, Denton C.P., Knight C.K., Martin G.#, Black C.M., *Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK., #Fibrogen Inc, South San Francisco, USA. *Department of Rheumatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa.
• Quantification Clinical Assessment of the Burn Scar, Redden R.A., Eberhardt A.W., Smith D.R.*, Walker S.G.#, Feldman D.S,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham; *Birmingham Surgical PC; #Department of Acute Physical Therapy, UAB Outpatient Burn Clinic; Wound Healing Society Annual Meeting, June 2000. Toronto, Canada.
• Quantification Of Wound Parameters In Animals Treated With Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase Inihibitors, Nichols B., Witschi C., Guenzler V., Department of Preclinical Development and Pharmacology, Fibrogen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA; Wound Healing Society Annual Meeting, June 2000. Toronto, Canada..
• A Method for Measuring Human Skin Elasticity In Vivo with Observations on the Effect of Age, Sex, and Pregnancy. Grahame, R. Clinical Science (1970) 39,223-238.
• BTC-1000 ™: System for in-vivo biomechanical testing of linear incision wounds..
• Use of Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate for Skin Closure in Facial Plastic Surgery, Dean M. Toriumi, M.D., Kevin O'Grady, Devang Desai, M.D., Amita Bagal, M.D, Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, November 1998, Vol. 102, No. 6.
• A Method for Assessing Biomechanical Properties of Intact Skin. Azurin, D.J, Perry, L., Gendimenico, G., Allen, R., Maxwell, G.P., Fisher, J., Energy Absorption: Presented at the American Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons Annual Meeting - Boston, October 7 1998.
• A Non-Disruptive In-Vivo Method for Biomechanical Characterization of Linear Incision Wound Healing: A Preliminary Report. Gingrass M., Perry L., Matrisian L., Hill D., Wright T., Robson M., Fisher J. Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 1998, Vol. 102, No. 3: 801-806.
• A Randomized Trial Comparing Octylcyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive and Sutures in the Management of Lacerations. Quinn, J., Wells, G., Sutcliffe, T., Jarmuske, M., Maw, J., Stiell, I., Johns, P., JAMA, May 21, 1997-Vol 277, No. 19, pages 1527-1530.
• The Role of Glutathione in a Rat Incisional Wound Model. Adamson B., Schwarz D., Clugston P., Gilmont R., Perry L., Fisher J., Lindblad W., Rees R. Delayed Repair: Journal of Surgical Research 1996, Vol. 62, 159-164..
• A Technology and Methodology for Mechanical Characterization of Intact Elastic Materials, and In-vivo Biomechanical Analysis of Soft Tissues and Linear Incision Wounds. Perry, L., Maxwell, GP., Fisher, J., Proceedings from The Biomaterials Society Meeting, San Francisco California. March 1995.
• A New Technology for In-vivo biomechanical Tissue Analysis: Surgical Tissue Adhesives and Wound Healing. Vistnes D. M., Perry L. C., Fisher J., G. P. Maxwell. Proceedings from the Symposium on Surgical Tissues Adhesives, Atlanta, Georgia. October 1994.
• True In-Vivo Analysis of Linear Incision Wound Strength. Vistnes D. M., Perry L. C., G. P. Maxwell, Fisher J. Abstracts from Technologies to Assess Wound Healing Symposium. San Francisco, California, May 1994.
• In-Vivo Multiaxial Stress-Strain Analysis of Soft Tissue: An Advancement in the Analysis of Incisional Wound Strength. Vistnes D. M., Perry L. C., G. P. Maxwell, Fisher J. Proceedings from The Biomaterials Society Meeting, Boston, MA. April 1994.
• A New Method for Characterization of Elastic Materials: Compliance Analysis of Silicone Elastomer Shells. Vistnes D., Perry L., Fisher J., Maxwell P., Proceedings from The Biomaterials Society Meeting, Boston, MA. April 1994.
• Characterization of Silicone Elastomer Shells: The Role of Structural Modifications. Vistnes D. M., Perry L. C., Fisher J., Maxwell G. P. Abstracts from the 39th Annual Meeting of the Plastic Surgery Research Council. Ann Arbor, Michigan. June 1994.
• Evaluation of Silicone Gel Sheeting on the Wound Healing of Linear Incisions. Clugston P. A., Vistnes D. M., Perry L. C., Maxwell G. P., Fisher J. Annals of Plast. Surg. 1994, Vol. 34(1) 12-15.
• Materials Characterization System Meets Increasing Demands. Perry, L. Biomaterials forum, Vol 16(4), September 1994.
• The Role of TGF-B1 and EGF in the Wound Healing Process: An In-Vivo Biomechanical Evaluation. Perry LC, Connors AW, Matrisian LM, Nanney LB, Charles D, Reyes D. J Wound Repair and Regen 1993; 1: 41-6.
• A New In-Vivo System for Biomechanical Characterization of Skin and Wound Healing. Perry LC, Fisher J. J 11th Southern Eng Conf 1992:83-4.
• An Improved Method of Wound Disruption and Measurement. Charles D, Williams K III, Perry L C, Fisher J, Rees R. J Surg. Res 1992; 52:214-8.