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公用筷子传染腮腺炎病毒诊断试剂盒
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【公司名称】 广州健仑生物科技有限公司
【市场部】 欧
【】
【腾讯 】
【公司地址】 广州清华科技园创新基地番禺石楼镇创启路63号二期2幢101-103室
真核细胞 eukaryotic cell 指含有真核(被核膜包围的核)的细胞。其染细菌体数在一个以上,能进行有丝分裂。还能进行原生质流动和变形运动。而光合作用和氧化磷酸化作用则分别由叶绿体和线粒体进行。除细菌和蓝藻植物的细胞以外,所有的动物细胞以及植物细胞都属于真核细胞。由真核细胞构成的生物称为真核生物。原始真核细胞大约在12~16亿年前出现,现存的种类繁多,有些真核细胞极为原始,如涡鞭毛虫(甲藻),真核生物包括大量的单细胞生物或原生生物,全部多细胞生物。凡是真核细胞构成的有机体现在统称为真核生物。细胞一般比较微小,需要用显微镜才能看见,通常以μm计算其大小。但也有少数例外,如一些鸟卵(不包括蛋清),直径可达几个cm。细胞的形态结构与机能也是多种多样的(图1—1)。游离的细胞多为圆形或椭圆形,如血细胞和卵;紧密连接的细胞有扁平、方形、柱形等;具有收缩机能的肌细胞多为纺锤形或纤维形;具有传导机能的神经细胞则为星形,多具长的突起。细胞虽然形形细菌,但是它们在形态结构与机能上又有共同的特征。[1]
由于结构、功能和所处的环境不同,各类细胞形态千差万别,有圆形、椭圆形、柱形、方形、多角形、扁形、梭形,甚至不定形。
原核细胞的形状常与细胞外沉积物(如细胞壁)有关,如细菌细胞呈棒形,球形,弧形、螺旋形等不同形状。单细胞的动物或植物形状更复杂一些,如草履虫像鞋底状,眼虫呈梭形且带有长鞭毛,钟形虫呈袋状。
高等生物的细胞形状与细胞功能和细胞间的相互关系有关。如动物体内具有收缩功能的肌肉细胞呈长条形或长梭形;红细胞为圆盘状,有利于O2和CO2的气体交换。植物叶表皮的保卫细胞成半月形,2个细胞围成一个气孔,以利于呼吸和蒸腾。细胞离开了有机体分散存在时,形状往往发生变化,如平滑肌细胞在体内成梭形,而在离体培养时则可成多角形。
大小
一般说来,真核细胞的体积大于原核细胞,卵细胞大于体细胞。大多数动植物细胞直径一般在20~30μm间。
Eukaryotic cells eukaryotic cells refer to cells that contain eukaryotic nuclei surrounded by nuclear membranes. The number of bacteria in its more than one, capable of mitosis. It can also carry out protoplast flow and deformation movements. Photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were carried out by chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively. Except for cells of bacteria and cyanobacteria, all animal cells and plant cells belong to eukaryotic cells. Organisms formed by eukaryotes are called eukaryotes. The original eukaryotic cells appear about 12 to 1.6 billion years ago. There are a wide variety of extant eukaryotic cells, some of which are extremely primitive, such as dinoflagellates (dinoflagellates), eukaryotes including large numbers of unicellular organisms or protists, Cell biology. Organisms of all eukaryotic cells now collectively referred to as eukaryotes. The cells are generally small and need to be visible with a microscope, usually in μm. However, there are a few exceptions, such as bird eggs (excluding egg white) and diameters up to several cm. The morphological structure and function of cells are diverse (Figure 1-1). Free cells are mostly round or oval, such as blood cells and eggs; closely connected cells are flat, square, cylindrical, etc .; contraction of muscle cells mostly spindle or fibrous; with conduction function of the nerve cells For the star, with more long protrusions. Although cells are shaped bacteria, they share common features in morphological structure and function. [1]
Due to the different structure, function and environment, all kinds of cells have different shapes. They are round, oval, columnar, square, polygonal, flat, fusiform and even undefined.
Prokaryotic cells often shape and extracellular sediments (such as the cell wall), such as bacterial cells were rod-shaped, spherical, curved, spiral and other shapes. Single-celled animals or plant shapes are more complex, such as paramecium-like shoe-shaped, Euglena fusiform with long flagella, Bell Labyrinth bag.
Higher biological cell shape and cell function and intercellular correlation. Such as animals with contractile muscle cells were elongated or long fusiform; red blood cells disc-shaped, is conducive to the exchange of gas and O2 and CO2. Guard cells of plant leaf epidermis into a half-moon, surrounded by two cells a stomatal, in order to facilitate breathing and transpiration. Cells leave the body dispersed, the shape is often changed, such as smooth muscle cells in the body into a fusiform, and in vitro can become polygonal.
size
In general, eukaryotic cells are larger in size than prokaryotic cells, with egg cells larger than somatic cells. Most animal and plant cell diameter is generally between 20 ~ 30μm.